Papilloma is not a cancer and is very unlikely to develop into cancer. However, papilloma cells should be examined under a microscope after they have been removed. Having a single papilloma (solitary) does not increase the risk of breast cancer, unless it contains other changes in the breasts, such as atypical hyperplasia. However, having multiple papillomas slightly increases the risk of breast cancer.
People who have multiple papillomas have a small increase in the risk of breast cancer. Papillomas themselves are not cancer. They may be a sign that you may be more prone to breast cancer later. You can talk to your doctor about managing your risk of breast cancer.
Surgery is the recommended treatment to remove the papilloma and the part of the duct in which it is found, so that growth can be evaluated for any signs of cancer. Most intraductal papillomas are not cancerous, however, 17-20% have been shown to be cancerous after complete removal of the tumor. In addition, about 20% of intraductal papillomas contain abnormal cells. Because there is even a small risk of cancer, papillomas must be surgically removed and biopsies should be performed.
For the most part, intraductal papillomas do not appear to increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Pathological diagnoses were malignancy in 5 patients, papilloma in 84 cases and hyperplasia in 16. These include solitary intraductal papillomas, multiple papillomas, papillomatosis, and juvenile papillomatosis (JP). The prognosis for people with intraductal papilloma is usually good once the papilloma is surgically removed. The ducts further from the nipple are smaller and the papillomas in this area usually manifest as groups of small tumors.
Future development of reliable intraductal biopsy tools capable of obtaining tissue samples with sufficient direct visualization for histological diagnosis may further enhance the role of DM in the treatment of PND and papillomas. Patients with multiple papillomas are at increased risk of developing breast cancer and should undergo annual screening with regular digital mammograms if treated conservatively. There are benign breast conditions that can also cause lumps and bloody discharge from the nipple, such as intraductal papillomas. A ductogram (galactogram), in which a dye is injected into the nipple canal where the discharge is likely to come from and then an x-ray is taken, can sometimes be helpful in finding papillomas.
Sometimes an intraductal papilloma is detected on a mammogram or ultrasound and then diagnosed by needle biopsy. Intraductal papilloma is a small, non-cancerous (benign) tumor that grows in a milk duct in the breast. Solitary intraductal papillomas are tumors of the main lactiferous ducts, which are most often seen in women aged 30 to 50. Papillomas may cause symptoms such as clear or bloody discharge from the nipple (or a lump in the breast), or they may appear as an abnormal area on an imaging test (such as a mammogram or breast ultrasound).
Usually, an intraductal papilloma presents as a larger lump near the nipple or as several smaller lumps further away from the nipple. Even though your intraductal papilloma has been removed, it is important to watch your breasts and return to your family doctor if you notice any other changes in your breasts. Deciding on the right surgery for intraductal papilloma is problematic due to the difficulty of discriminating between intraductal papilloma and breast cancer. Surgery to remove a duct and papilloma is similar to the lumpectomy procedure to remove a tumor.
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